Loans & Refinance calculator

Amortization Schedule Calculator

Build the full amortization schedule for any fixed-rate loan: monthly payment, year-by-year principal and interest breakdown, and a complete month-by-month table.

Optional — adds calendar dates

An amortization schedule is the complete month-by-month repayment table of a fixed-rate loan: each row shows the payment, the portion that went to interest, the portion that reduced principal, and the balance left afterward. Every fixed-rate loan — mortgage, auto, student, personal — follows the same rule: interest is charged on the current balance first, and only the remainder of the payment touches principal. Because the balance shrinks a little every month, the split shifts continuously: the interest share falls, the principal share grows, and the payment itself never changes. The whole table is determined by three inputs — amount, rate, and term — which is why this calculator can reproduce it exactly rather than estimate it.

This tool reports the schedule at three zoom levels: the headline figures (payment, total interest, total paid), a year-by-year rollup of principal, interest, and ending balance, and the full monthly table — with calendar dates if you set a first-payment month.

How it's calculated

The fixed payment comes from the standard annuity formula:

Payment = P · r / (1 − (1 + r)−n)

where P is the loan amount, r the monthly rate (annual ÷ 12), and n the number of payments. The schedule is then simulated month by month — interest = balance × r, principal = payment − interest — with the final payment trimmed so the balance lands exactly on zero. The yearly rollup sums each block of 12 payments. Full formulas are on our methodology page. For amortization as a concept — why early payments are interest-heavy on any installment loan — the CFPB's explainer on amortization and auto loans is a good primary reference.

Worked example: $300,000 at 6% over 30 years

Take the calculator's default scenario: $300,000 at 6.0% for 30 years. The payment is $1,798.65, and the loan costs $347,514.57 in total interest — more than the amount borrowed. Here is the year-by-year shape of the schedule, computed with the same engine as the tool above:

Loan year Principal paid Interest paid End balance Cumulative interest
1$3,684$17,900$296,316$17,900
5$4,681$16,903$279,163$87,082
10$6,313$15,270$251,057$166,895
15$8,516$13,068$213,147$236,904
20$11,486$10,097$162,011$293,687
25$15,494$6,090$93,036$332,632
30$20,898$685$0$347,515

Every row is the same $21,584 of payments; only the split moves. In year one, about 83% of the money is interest — $17,899.78 against $3,684.04 of principal — and the crossover month, the first time a payment's principal portion exceeds its interest portion, does not arrive until month 223, more than 18 years in. Halfway through the term the borrower still owes $213,147 — 71% of the original loan — because the early years retire so little principal. This is also why prepayments are most powerful early: an extra dollar in year one removes a dollar that would have been charged 6% for decades. Enter your own loan above to see where your schedule bends.

When should you use this calculator?

Use it whenever you need the balance path, not just the payment: what you will still owe at a future date (the number a sale or refinance negotiation turns on), how much interest a given loan really costs over its life, or how two term choices compare — the same amount at 15 versus 30 years produces very different tables, not just different payments. It is also the reference schedule behind the other tools here: the extra-payment calculator shows how prepayments bend this exact table, and the PMI removal calculator reads the 80% and 78% thresholds off it. Reading your own lender's schedule against this one is a quick arithmetic check on both.

The tool assumes the payment plan is followed exactly. What it cannot tell you is whether to prepay, refinance, or choose a different term — it supplies the schedule those decisions are made against.

Assumptions and limitations

  • Fixed-rate, fully amortizing loans only. Adjustable rates, interest-only periods, and balloon structures are not modeled.
  • Figures are principal and interest only. Escrow items — property taxes, homeowners insurance, PMI — ride on top of the payment shown.
  • Interest compounds monthly (annual rate ÷ 12). Most U.S. auto loans accrue daily simple interest; results are very close but can differ by a few dollars from a lender's statement.
  • The year-by-year table groups by loan year — blocks of 12 payments from the first payment — not calendar year, so year-1 interest will not match a Form 1098 unless the loan started in January. The optional first-payment month adds calendar dates to the monthly table.
  • No extra payments are modeled here; that is deliberately the extra-payment tool's job.
  • The final payment is trimmed to land the balance exactly on zero, so the last row is usually slightly smaller than the scheduled payment.

This page is educational content about how loan amortization works. It is not financial advice and does not consider your personal circumstances. For decisions that matter, consult a qualified professional.

Last reviewed: 2026-07-09

Frequently asked questions

What is an amortization schedule?
An amortization schedule is the month-by-month table showing how a fixed-rate loan is repaid: each row lists the payment, how much of it went to interest, how much reduced the principal, and the balance remaining afterward. The payment stays constant, but its composition shifts every month — interest is charged on the remaining balance, so as the balance falls, the interest share shrinks and the principal share grows. The schedule is fully determined by three inputs: loan amount, interest rate, and term, which is why a calculator can reproduce it exactly.
How is each payment split between principal and interest?
Interest comes first, and it is computed on the current balance: monthly interest = balance × (annual rate ÷ 12). Whatever remains of the payment reduces principal. On a $300,000 loan at 6%, the first month’s interest is 300,000 × 0.005 = $1,500, so of the $1,798.65 payment only $298.65 touches the principal. Next month the balance is slightly lower, so interest is slightly less and principal slightly more. That single rule, applied month after month, generates the entire schedule this calculator builds.
Why is most of the payment interest at the start of a mortgage?
Because interest is proportional to the balance, and the balance is at its maximum at the start. On a $300,000 loan at 6% over 30 years, about 83% of the first year’s payments go to interest, and the crossover — the first month where the principal portion exceeds the interest portion — does not arrive until month 223, more than 18 years in. Nothing is being manipulated; it is the arithmetic of charging 0.5% a month on a large balance. Higher rates push the crossover later, lower rates and shorter terms pull it earlier.
What formula does the amortization calculator use?
The fixed payment comes from the standard annuity formula: payment = P × r ÷ (1 − (1 + r)^−n), where P is the loan amount, r the monthly rate (annual ÷ 12), and n the number of monthly payments. The schedule itself is then simulated month by month — interest = balance × r, principal = payment − interest — with the final payment trimmed to land the balance exactly on zero. The zero-interest edge case divides evenly (payment = P ÷ n). The full derivation is on the methodology page, and the same code runs the tool.
Is the year-by-year breakdown based on calendar years?
No — it groups by loan year: payments 1 through 12 are year 1, payments 13 through 24 are year 2, and so on from whenever the loan starts. A loan that starts in July will have its "year 1" span July through June. If you set the optional first-payment month, the monthly table shows real calendar dates, but the yearly rollup still follows 12-payment blocks. Lenders’ annual statements and tax documents, by contrast, report calendar-year interest, so the year-1 interest figure here will differ from your first Form 1098 unless the loan began in January.